Fuel cells and batteries for electrified transportation
Yang Li, Hangyu Wu, and Kai Song
Published in Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy Engineering, September 18, 2026 [Link]
Citation: Y. Li, H. Wu, and K. Song, "Fuel cells and batteries for electrified transportation," in Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy Engineering, vol. 3, F. Blaabjerg Ed.: Elsevier, 2027, pp. 346–374. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-29210-1.00108-4. [Copy]
The rapid electrification of transportation is reshaping global energy systems, driven by decarbonization goals, energy security issues, and technological innovation. Among the enabling technologies, fuel cells and batteries play central but distinct roles. Fuel cells, in particular proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, offer high energy density and are increasingly applied to long-distance and heavy-duty vehicles, while batteries, led by lithium-ion chemistries, dominate passenger cars and urban mobility due to their high efficiency and technological maturity. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of major fuel cell and battery technologies in the context of transportation electrification. It introduces their fundamental principles, key performance indicators, and system architectures, followed by a review of current applications. Comparative analyses highlight the complementary characteristics of the two technologies, including differences in energy density, cost structure, infrastructure needs, and environmental impact. Finally, the chapter discusses global market developments and policy frameworks, outlining the challenges and prospects for fuel cells and batteries as core components of sustainable and diversified transportation systems.